Fig. 16.

Optical density (OD) at a 600 nm wavelength for liquid cultures exposed to treatment with iron-oxide NPs, zero-valent iron, or tobramycin-conjugated iron-oxide NPs. To avoid interference, NPs were removed by magnetic separation prior to optical measurements. The calculated average error for OD measurements was ± 0.01. Specific errors, not the average error, were used to calculate statistical significance