Table 1.

Societal costs associated with ADPKD in the US in 2018

Component1	Excess costs (2018 USD)
Excess direct healthcare costs
CKD stage 1	$545,894,174
CKD stage 2	$612,261,195
CKD stage 3	$619,300,610
CKD stage 4	$354,143,587
CKD stage 5 (excluding ESRD-RRT)	$442,190,064
ESRD-RRT	$3,167,501,412
Total excess direct healthcare costs	$5,741,291,041
Excess direct non-healthcare costs
Research, training, and advocacy	$35,714,993
Costs of matching donors and recipients for kidney transplant	$7,583,334
Costs of transportation to and from dialysis center	$81,428,941
Total excess direct non-healthcare costs	$124,727,268
Excess indirect costs
Unemployment	$783,819,493
CKD stages 1–3	$256,201,951
CKD stages 4–5 (excluding ESRD-RRT)	$115,955,070
ESRD-RRT	$411,662,472
Reduced productivity at work	$390,316,213
CKD stages 1–3	$237,533,624
CKD stages 4–5 (excluding ESRD-RRT)	$59,850,579
ESRD-RRT	$92,932,010
Productivity loss from premature mortality	$196,789,459
Caregivers’ productivity loss	$53,060,981
CKD stages 1–3	$7,086,663
CKD stages 4–5 (excluding ESRD-RRT)	$9,689,005
ESRD-RRT	$36,285,312
Caregivers’ direct healthcare costs	$16,831,670
CKD stages 1–3	$7,712,428
CKD stages 4–5 (excluding ESRD-RRT)	$1,210,672
ESRD-RRT	$7,908,570
Total excess indirect costs	$1,440,817,816
Total excess direct healthcare, direct non-healthcare, and indirect costs	$7,306,836,126

ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; CKD chronic kidney disease; CPI consumer price index; ESRD-RRT end stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy; US United States; USD United States dollars

Notes

1. Based on a prevalence of 0.043%, the ADPKD population in the US was estimated at 140,598 individuals in the US. Of those, there were 29,669 individuals with CKD stage 1; 35,129 with CKD stage 2; 29,123 with CKD stage 3; 10,739 with CKD stage 4; 4004 with CKD stage 5 (excluding ESRD-RRT); and 31,934 with ESRD-RRT. Costs were adjusted to 2018 dollars using the Consumer Price Index