Table 1.
Metabolic syndrome characteristics of study participants by gender and depressive symptoms
| Total | Women | Men | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No depressive symptoms (n = 4214) | Depressive symptoms (n = 365) | P | No depressive Symptoms (n = 2124) | Depressive symptoms (n = 255) | P | No depressive symptoms (n = 2090) | Depressive symptoms (n = 110) | P | |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 843 (19.99) | 76 (20.82) | 0.70 | 548 (25.77) | 60 (23.53) | 0.44 | 295 (14.12) | 16 (14.55) | 0.90 |
| High BMIa, n (%) | 825 (19.59) | 59 (15.89) | 0.09 | 382 (17.99) | 37 (14.51) | 0.17 | 444 (21.20) | 21 (19.09) | 0.59 |
| High BPb, n (%) | 3604 (85.54) | 326 (89.32) | 0.047 | 1863 (87.71) | 234 (91.76) | 0.058 | 1741 (83.34) | 92 (83.63) | 0.94 |
| High triglyceridesc, n (%) | 931 (22.08) | 80 (21.92) | 0.94 | 561 (26.38) | 63 (24.71) | 0.57 | 370 (17.71) | 17 (15.45) | 0.55 |
| Low HDLd, n (%) | 965 (22.89) | 87 (23.84) | 0.68 | 720 (33.88) | 74 (29.02) | 0.12 | 245 (11.73) | 13 (11.82) | 0.98 |
| Glucose componente, n (%) | 462 (10.97) | 50 (13.70) | 0.11 | 237 (11.16) | 33 (12.94) | 0.40 | 225 (10.77) | 17 (15.45) | 0.13 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.32 (2.61) | 22.81 (2.82) | < 0.001 | 23.26 (2.61) | 22.66 (2.89) | 0.001 | 23.39 (2.62) | 23.14 (2.65) | 0.33 |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mmol/L | 5.58 (1.10) | 5.68 (1.57) | 0.25 | 5.64 (1.11) | 5.65 (1.35) | 0.86 | 5.53 (1.08) | 5.75 (1.99) | 0.26 |
| Systolic BP, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 144.24 (19.75) | 145.14 (18.68) | 0.41 | 147.55 (19.75) | 148.02 (18.19) | 0.71 | 140.89 (19.20) | 138.45 (18.14) | 0.19 |
| Diastolic BP, mean ± SD, mm Hg | 85.83 (11.18) | 84.57 (11.49) | 0.04 | 85.35 (10.81) | 84.97 (11.56) | 0.60 | 86.31 (11.53) | 83.64 (11.31) | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 1.36 (0.81) | 1.33 (0.77) | 0.57 | 1.45 (0.78) | 1.42 (0.84) | 0.57 | 1.27 (0.83) | 1.13 (0.51) | 0.012 |
| HDL, mean ± SD, mmol/L | 1.46 (0.39) | 1.49 (0.41) | 0.09 | 1.48 (0.37) | 1.51 (0.38) | 0.23 | 1.43 (0.40) | 1.46 (0.48) | 0.58 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 329 (7.81) | 38 (10.41) | 0.08 | 176 (8.29) | 26 (10.20) | 0.30 | 153 (7.32) | 12 (10.91) | 0.16 |
| Antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 2174 (51.61) | 199 (54.52) | 0.29 | 1110 (52.28) | 138 (54.12) | 0.58 | 1064 (50.93) | 61 (55.45) | 0.36 |
BMI body mass index; BP blood pressure; HDL high-density lipoprotein; SD standard deviation
a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
bSystolic BP ≥ 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication
c Blood triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L
d HDL cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/L in men and < 1.3 mmol/L in women
e Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or with a history of diabetes