CVS results in a comparable degree of adrenocortical hyperactivity in both sexes. (A) Timelines of the first experiment, displaying individual timelines for each cohort (1 and 2). (B, C) Both groups of rats showed decreases in body weight gain (B) and adrenal hypertrophy (C) through the course of the 14-day CVS period. (D) Graph depicting mean ± SEM plasma CORT levels at AM and PM sampling of CORT as a function of sex and treatment group. Measurements were taken in the same rats prior (left) to and following (right) CVS. CVS resulted in significantly increased PM levels of CORT (*, P < 0.05), regardless of sex. (E) Graph showing changes in the daily mean values of CORT levels pre- and post-CVS as a function of sex and treatment group. CVS increased levels of CORT in both sexes (*, P < 0.05), whereas levels of CORT were higher in female rats (†, P < 0.05). N = 10–11/group.