Table I.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Children with T1D and Caregivers
| Study 1 (n = 51) |
Study 2 (n = 177) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Percent (n) | Mean (SD), [Range] | Percent (n) | Mean (SD), [Range] |
| Youth age (years) | 5.73 (1.99), [2.00–9.00] | 3.82 (1.28), [0.80–6.08] | ||
| Caregivers age (years) | 37.02 (5.57), [24.00–46.00] | 34.28 (5.90), [20.00–68.00] | ||
| Duration of T1D (years) | 2.60 (1.79), [0.00–7.00] | 1.63 (1.17), [0.00–5.33] | ||
| Most recent HbA1c (%)a | 7.60 (.73), [6.10–9.40] | 7.74 (1.24), [5.40–15.40] | ||
| Gender, % (n) female | ||||
| Youth | 54.5 (24) | 44.3 (78) | ||
| Caregiver | 93.8 (45) | 92.0 (162) | ||
| Race, % (n) Caucasian | ||||
| Youth | 87.5 (42) | 85.7 (150) | ||
| Caregiver | 91.5 (43) | 91.4 (160) | ||
| Ethnicity, % (n) Non-Hispanic | ||||
| Youth | 88.9 (40) | 89.7 (157) | ||
| Caregiver | 95.8 (46) | 94.9 (167) | ||
| Insulin regimen | ||||
| Insulin pump | 68.9 (31) | 59.3 (105) | ||
| Multiple daily injections | 31.1 (14) | 40.7 (72) | ||
| Use of continuous glucose monitor, % yes | 64.4 (29) | 84.7 (150) | ||
| Relationship to child | ||||
| Mother (Biological/Adoptive/Step) | 91.7 (44) | 92.1 (163) | ||
| Father (Biological/Adoptive/Step) | 8.3 (4) | 7.9 (14) | ||
| Parent education | ||||
| Less than 7th grade | 0.6 (1) | |||
| HS diploma | 6.3 (3) | 10.7 (19) | ||
| Some college/technical school | 22.9 (11) | 32.8 (58) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree | 33.3 (16) | 33.9 (60) | ||
| Graduate degree | 37.5 (18) | 22.0 (39) | ||
| Household annual income | ||||
| <$25K | 12.8 (6) | 10.9 (19) | ||
| $25K–49K | 17.0 (8) | 19.5 (34) | ||
| $50K–$74K | 23.4 (11) | 17.8 (31) | ||
| $75K–$99K | 12.8 (6) | 17.2 (30) | ||
| $100K–$149K | 25.5 (12) | 19.5 (34) | ||
| ≥$150K | 8.5 (2) | 15.0 (26) | ||
a
HbA1c values for study 1 were all self-report and for study 2 were obtained from labs (n = 138) or self-report (n = 39).