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. 2020 Feb 12;8:32. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00032

Table 2.

Effects of birth weight and HF on relative brain region volumes (% of whole brain) of 4 week-old pigletsa.

Treatment Pooled SEM P-valueb
Region of interest AGA AGA SGA SGA Size Diet Size*Diet
CON HF CON HF
Caudate 0.71 0.68 0.73 0.71 0.04 0.197 0.223 0.706
Cerebellum 8.78 9.02 8.87 8.82 0.27 0.683 0.487 0.286
Cerebral aqueduct 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.011 0.953 0.660
Corpus callosum 0.54 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.02 0.051 0.542 0.729
Fourth ventricle 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.01 0.066 0.543 0.521
Gray matter 54.69 53.64 55.27 56.06 2.11 0.165 0.905 0.391
Hypothalamus 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.01 0.050 0.462 0.636
Internal capsule 2.09 2.26 2.18 2.30 0.08 0.095 <0.001 0.477
Lateral ventricle 0.73 0.64 0.67 0.67 0.06 0.609 0.136 0.147
Left cortex 23.58 24.22 24.08 24.88 0.56 0.046 0.015 0.779
Left hippocampus 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.68 0.02 0.746 0.883 0.435
Medulla 2.66 2.75 2.60 2.74 0.09 0.430 0.014 0.610
Midbrain 2.63 2.77 2.72 2.86 0.07 0.017 <0.001 0.944
Olfactory bulb 3.42 3.76 3.42 3.46 0.22 0.192 0.092 0.196
Pons 1.54 1.60 1.61 1.71 0.06 0.004 0.010 0.515
Putamen 0.56 0.59 0.59 0.62 0.02 0.001 0.004 0.711
Right cortex 24.54 25.10 24.70 25.59 0.65 0.318 0.033 0.619
Right hippocampus 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.70 0.02 0.522 0.669 0.537
Thalamus 2.28 2.32 2.35 2.43 0.06 0.010 0.061 0.496
Third ventricle 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.019 0.315 0.767
White matter 24.25 26.78 24.37 25.73 1.19 0.443 0.003 0.335
a

Values are means of pigs with MRI data collected at 26–29 days of age. Relative volumes of regions of interest were obtained by determining their percent of whole brain volume for individual pigs prior to statistical analysis. AGA CON: n = 8; AGA HF: n = 8, n = 7 (lateral and fourth ventricle); SGA CON: n = 8, n = 7 (fourth ventricle), n = 6 (lateral ventricle); SGA HF: n = 9, n = 8 (gray matter, lateral ventricle, white matter). Bold values are significance.

b

Size, main effect of birth weight (i.e., AGA vs. SGA); Diet, main effect of dietary intervention (i.e., HF vs. CON); Size*Diet, interaction effect of birth weight, and dietary intervention.

AGA, appropriate for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; CON, control; HF, hydrolyzed fat.