TABLE 3.

Biomarkers hypermethylated in H. pylori infected children in at least one study included in this review.

Biomarker	No. of studies with significant hypermethylation (references)	Biological function	Potential role in carcinogenesis
CALCA	1 (Shin et al., 2011)	Extracellular secreted protein	Controversial
CDH1	1 (Shin et al., 2011)	Cell adhesion protein	Anti-oncogenic
CRABP1	1 (Shin et al., 2011)	Receptor	Controversial
DAPK1	1 (Shin et al., 2011)	Transporter or enzyme	Anti-oncogenic
GATA-4	1 (Alvarez et al., 2013a)	Transcription factor	Anti-oncogenic
GATA-5	1 (Alvarez et al., 2018)	Transcription factor	Anti-oncogenic
GRIN2B	1 (Shin et al., 2011)	Receptor	Anti-oncogenic
THBS1	1 (Alvarez et al., 2013a)	Extracellular secreted protein	Controversial
TIMP3	1 (Shin et al., 2011)	Extracellular secreted protein	Anti-oncogenic
TWIST1	1 (Shin et al., 2011)	Transcription factor	Controversial

No.: Number.