Table 1.

Descriptive information for included articles (N=13)

Citation	Study Location	Study Population	Study Objective	Data Collection Method	Type of Cancer
Shaw, P. H., & Ritchey, A. K. (2007)18	Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (USA)	Adolescents age 15 to 22 (n=139)	To determine if and why pediatric patients over the age of 15 had a low clinical trial enrollment rate	Secondary analysis of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh database	Mixed (majority acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
Downs-Canner, S., & Shaw, P. H. (2009)21	Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (USA)	New AYA diagnosis age 15 to 22 (n=91); Patients enrolled (n=24)	To determine if and why pediatric patients over the age of 15 had a low clinical trial enrollment rate	Secondary analysis of University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute clinical trial database	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, central nervous system tumors, chronic myelogenous leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, osteosarcoma, sarcomas
Parsons, H. M., Harlan, L. C., et al. (2011)7	National Cancer Institute Patterns of Care Study, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data (USA)	AYA patients age 15 to 39 (n=1,358)	To examine patterns of clinical trial participation, time to treatment, and provider characteristics in a population-based sample of AYA patients with cancer	Secondary analysis of SEER cancer registry and National Cancer Institute Patterns of Care study	Multiple cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia and sarcoma
Shaw, P. H., Boyiadzis, M., et al. (2012)23	Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (USA)	AYA patients age 15 to 22 (n=57)	To determine if clinical trial enrollment improved among AYA patients who attended both pediatric and adult cancer centers since the inception of a joint AYA Oncology Program	Secondary analysis of University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute clinical trial database	Mixed (majority: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma)
Hendricks-Ferguson, V. L., et al. (2013)29	Six pediatric and three adult hospitals across six medical centers throughout the Midwest and southern portions of the United States	AYA patients age 11-24 (n=118)	To describe recruitment strategies, participants’ reasons for consent or refusal, and the final recruitment rates of AYA with cancer into a research study called “Stories and Music for Adolescent/Young Adult Resilience during Transplant” (SMART)	Intervention recruitment to understand strategies to improve recruitment of AYA	Allogeneic or autologous HSCT for cancer with a myeloablative regimen
Barakat, L. P., Schwartz, L. A., et al. (2014)26	East coast children's hospital at a large cancer center (USA)	AYA patients age 15 to 23 (n=13); Caregivers (n=16); Healthcare providers (n=11)	To describe key components of phase III clinical trial enrollment and evaluate a measure of attitudes	One-on-one interviews; focus groups	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
Collins, C. L., Malvar, J., et al. (2015)8	Los Angeles County (USA)	USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center by institution (n=1699) versus Los Angeles County SEER incidence (n=11,358)	To compare the percentage of AYAs, children, and older adults enrolled onto cancer clinical trials and determine predictors of enrollment	Secondary analysis of California Cancer Registry and institutional trial enrollment database	Acute leukemia, breast carcinoma, central nervous system malignancies, cervical carcinoma, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, sarcoma, thyroid carcinoma
Bell, J. A., Forcina, V., et al. (2018)27	AYA Program at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (Canada)	AYA patients age 18 to 39 (n=21)	To explore unique factors influencing the cancer clinical trial decision-making process, AYA perceptions, and attitudes towards cancer clinical trials	One-on-one interviews	Breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, testicular cancer
Pearce, S., Brownsdon, A., et al. (2018)24	AYA Cancer	Teenage and Young Adult treatment center in the UK	AYA patients (n=21); Health professionals (n=18)	Qualitative; interpretive interviews	Ewing's sarcoma, Osteosarcoma
Sreeraman Kumar, R. Thapa, R., et al. (2018)25	Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, FL (USA)	AYA patients age 15-39 (n=1,831)	To examine AYA enrollment into therapeutic melanoma clinical trials at Moffitt and examine relevant factors impacting enrollment	Retrospective review of de-identified records of patients	Melanoma
Thomas, S. M., Malvar, J., et al. (2018)19	Children's Hospital Los Angeles (USA)	Total participants (n=216); children age 14 and younger (n=158); early AYA age 15 to 21 (n=58)	To assess whether differences in cancer clinical trial availability explain low cancer clinical trial enrollment for early AYAs	Quantitative analysis of an observational cohort	Mixed (majority for early AYA: leukemia/lymphoma, non-brain solid tumor, solid tumors)
Thomas, S. M., Malvar, J., et al. (2018)20	Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (USA)	Children age 0 to 14; eAYAs age 15 to 21	To compare the proportions of eAYAs and children for whom an appropriate CCT existed, was available locally, and was used for enrollment; secondary objectives were to evaluate the effects of age and other factors on CCT enrollment.	Secondary analysis of pathology reports from CHLA and Norris Cancer Hospital, and available trials listed on clinicaltrails.gov	Leukemia/lymphoma and solid tumor
Lavender, V., Gibson, F., et al. (2019)28	Large AYA treatment center (UK)	Healthcare professionals who care for AYAs age 15 to 24 years (n=18)	To explore professional expertise, specialist knowledge and skill development and strategies described by the health professionals for communicating with AYAs about participating in clinical trials	Semi-structured narrative interviews	Osteosarcoma