Table 1.
Summary Statistics
| M | SD | Min | Max |
M (no time off) |
M (time off) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relationship Quality (W2) | 3.66 | 1.25 | 1 | 5 | 3.28 | 3.76*** | |
| Coparenting Quality (W2) | 2.74 | 0.40 | 1 | 3 | 2.64 | 2.76*** | |
| Relationship Supportiveness (W2) | 2.74 | 0.35 | 1 | 3 | 2.58 | 2.68*** | |
| Time Off Work | 0.79 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.00 | 1.00*** | |
| Length of Time Off Work | 1.07 | 0.78 | 0 | 3 | 0.00 | 1.35*** | |
| Father Involvement | 4.35 | 1.59 | 0 | 7 | 3.82 | 4.49*** | |
| Mother Age | 25.77 | 6.10 | 16 | 56 | 24.41 | 26.12*** | |
| Father Age | 28.18 | 6.93 | 16 | 57 | 27.40 | 28.39** | |
| Mother is Whitea | 0.29 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.33*** | |
| Mother is Black | 0.40 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.58 | 0.36*** | |
| Mother is Latino | 0.26 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.23 | 0.27 | |
| Mother is Other Race/Ethnicity | 0.04 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.05 | |
| Mother is U.S. Native | 0.85 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.89 | 0.84** | |
| Father is Whitea | 0.27 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.31*** | |
| Father is Black | 0.42 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.59 | 0.37*** | |
| Father is Latino | 0.26 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.24 | 0.27 | |
| Father is Other Race/Ethnicity | 0.05 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.04 | |
| Father is U.S. Native | 0.84 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.89 | 0.82** | |
| Mother Education | 2.34 | 1.03 | 1 | 4 | 2.12 | 2.40*** | |
| Father Education | 2.31 | 1.00 | 1 | 4 | 2.05 | 2.38*** | |
| Father Income | 3.36 | 2.18 | 0 | 8 | 2.71 | 3.54*** | |
| Mother Income | 1.43 | 2.66 | 0 | 4 | 1.18 | 1.50*** | |
| Mother Does Not Work | 0.05 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
| Mother Works Part-Time | 0.30 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.31 | 0.30 | |
| Mother Works Full-Timea | 0.62 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.61 | 0.63 | |
| Mother Works Overtime | 0.03 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
| Father Works Part-Time | 0.11 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.10*** | |
| Father Works Full-Timea | 0.71 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.66 | 0.73** | |
| Father Works Overtime | 0.18 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.18 | |
| Professional Occupation | 0.17 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.18*** | |
| Labor Occupationa | 0.49 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.53 | 0.48 | |
| Sales Occupation | 0.08 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.09 | |
| Service Occupation | 0.24 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.27 | 0.23 | |
| Other Occupation | 0.02 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
| Marrieda | 0.34 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.39*** | |
| Cohabiting | 0.41 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.39 | 0.41 | |
| Nonresident Father | 0.25 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.43 | 0.21*** | |
| Other Children | 1.04 | 1.15 | 0 | 5 | 1.15 | 1.02*** | |
| Had Child with Other Mother | 0.29 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.39 | 0.27*** | |
| Other Adults in Household | 0.59 | 0.93 | 0 | 3 | 0.72 | 0.56** | |
| Religious Participation (Mother) | 2.11 | 1.36 | 0 | 4 | 2.08 | 2.11 | |
| Religious Participation (Father) | 1.91 | 1.35 | 0 | 4 | 1.83 | 1.93 | |
| Positive Father Attitudes | 3.76 | 0.40 | 1 | 4 | 3.72 | 3.77** | |
| Engaged Father Attitudes (Father) | 0.66 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.66 | |
| Engaged Father Attitudes (Mother) | 0.74 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.75 | |
| Traditional Gender Attitudes (Father) | 0.39 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.38 | 0.39 | |
| Traditional Gender Attitudes (Mother) | 0.29 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.30 | |
| Prenatal Involvement | 0.93 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.84 | 0.96*** | |
| Child is Male | 0.52 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.51 | 0.52 | |
| Low Birth Weight | 0.09 | - | 0 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.09 | |
| W1 Relationship Support | 2.77 | 0.26 | 1 | 3 | 2.72 | 2.79*** | |
| W1 Relationship Conflict | 1.40 | 0.35 | 1 | 3 | 1.45 | 1.39** |
N = 2109 (N = 1687 for relationship support).
a
Used as reference category. Significant differences determined by two-tailed t-tests (*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001).