Fig. 1. Functional activity of MAIT cells from healthy donors and HIV-infected patients with or without ART treatment in response to E. coli or IL-12/18 stimulation.

(A and B) The frequency of MAIT cells was determined in PBMCs from healthy control donors (HC; n = 16) and HIV-1–infected patients who did not receive ART (VIR; n = 17) or were treated with ART (ART; n = 17). Representative FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) plots (A) and statistical analysis (B) are shown. (C and D) PBMCs freshly isolated from HC, VIR, or ART subjects were stimulated with paraformaldehyde (PFA)–fixed E. coli [multiplicity of infection (MOI), 10] or combined IL-12 and IL-18 (IL-12/18; 100 ng/ml for each) for 24 hours and then assessed for the expression level of IFN-γ, GzmB, and CD107a in MAIT cells. Representative FACS plots (C) and statistical analyses (D) of MAIT cell responses are shown.