Table 4.
Models describing the relationship between neighborhood-level, individual-level, and both neighborhood and individual-level characteristics and collective efficacy among participants in the Boston Neighborhood Study (n = 1710).
| Collective Efficacy |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Characteristics |
Demographics |
Fully Adjusted |
||||
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |||
| Neighborhood Characteristics | ||||||
| Economic Deprivation (ref: Low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 0.68 | (0.49,0.95) | 0.81 | (0.62,1.07) | ||
| High | 0.51 | (0.31,0.85) | 0.64 | (0.39,1.05) | ||
| Danger (ref: Low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.39 | (1.06,1.82) | 1.30 | (0.99,1.71) | ||
| High | 1.32 | (0.94,1.86) | 1.24 | (0.92,1.69) | ||
| Disorder (ref: Low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.02 | (0.70,1.48) | 1.11 | (0.75,1.64) | ||
| High | 0.83 | (0.57,1.21) | 0.92 | (0.64,1.30) | ||
| Residential Instability | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.02 | (0.71,1.48) | 1.02 | (0.73,1.43) | ||
| High | 0.64 | (0.46,0.90) | 0.71 | (0.54,0.95) | ||
| Proportion Black (ref: Low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.23 | (0.96,1.59) | 1.39 | (1.06,1.81) | ||
| High | 0.87 | (0.60,1.27) | 1.02 | (0.69, 1.52) | ||
| Trust in Police (ref: Low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.14 | (0.67,1.93) | 1.14 | (0.68,1.92) | ||
| High | 1.59 | (0.93,2.70) | 1.49 | (0.86,2.57) | ||
| Individual Characteristics | ||||||
| Sex (ref: male) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 1.17 | (0.98,1.39) | 1.17 | (0.98,1.41) | ||
| Age, years (18–29) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 30-39 | 1.67 | (1.11,2.53) | 1.67 | (1.09,2.58) | ||
| 40-49 | 2.91 | (1.89,4.48) | 2.95 | (1.92,4.54) | ||
| 50-64 | 3.32 | (2.34,4.72) | 3.38 | (2.36,4.85) | ||
| over 64 | 4.40 | (2.89,6.73) | 4.48 | (2.93,6.86) | ||
| Household Income (ref: under $20,000) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| $20,000 to 40,000 | 0.97 | (0.77,1.23) | 0.97 | (0.76,1.24) | ||
| $40,000 to 80,000 | 1.39 | (1.08,1.79) | 1.36 | (1.04,1.77) | ||
| $80,000 to 100,000 | 1.67 | (1.26,2.22) | 1.61 | (1.20,2.16) | ||
| Over $100,000 | 2.07 | (1.48,2.88) | 1.97 | (1.40,2.76) | ||
| Race (ref: white) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Black | 0.68 | (0.51,0.91) | 0.86 | (0.63,1.16) | ||
| Asian | 0.39 | (0.19,0.80) | 0.42 | (0.20,0.89) | ||
| Latin | 1.08 | (0.78,1.50) | 1.19 | (0.84,1.67) | ||
| Other | 0.55 | (0.34,0.87) | 0.61 | (0.38,0.99) | ||
| Education (ref: uneducated) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| High School | 1.37 | (0.91,2.07) | 1.39 | (0.91,2.13) | ||
| Some College | 1.35 | (0.94,1.94) | 1.33 | (0.92,1.92) | ||
| Bachelor's degree | 1.45 | (0.95,2.23) | 1.46 | (0.94,2.27) | ||
| Graduate degree | 1.10 | (0.76,1.58) | 1.11 | (0.76,1.61) | ||
| Nativity (ref: foreign-born) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| US Born | 1.63 | (1.23,2.16) | 1.63 | (1.22,2.18) | ||
| Number of Adults in Household (ref: single) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Two adults | 1.33 | (1.10,1.61) | 1.34 | (1.11,1.62) | ||
| 3 or more | 1.51 | (1.19,1.91) | 1.54 | (1.23,1.94) | ||
*Bolded results indicate a significant estimate p < 0.05.