Table 3.
Lipid-soluble micronutrient concentrations (μmol/L) in the study population.a
| young men (n = 221) | young women (n = 244) | old men (n = 761) | old women (n = 747) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lycopeneb | 4.31 (3.34; 5.57) | 4.04 (3.11; 5.24) | 3.04 (2.52; 3.65)d | 3.11 (2.54; 3.80)d | <0.001 |
| Adjusted GLMc | 2.07 (1.91; 2.24)e | 1.83 (1.69; 1.98) | 1.25 (1.19; 1.31)d | 1.26 (1.20; 1.32)d | <0.001 |
| α-Tocopherolb | 21.4 (11.1; 35.0) | 21.7 (10.9; 36.0) | 27.3 (18.2; 38.2)d,e | 28.4 (19.2; 39.5)d | <0.001 |
| Adjusted GLMc | 21.8 (20.7; 22.9) | 22.1 (21.1; 23.2) | 27.1 (26.5; 27.7)d | 28.3 (27.8; 29.0)d | <0.001 |
| γ-Tocopherolb | 1.047 (0.136; 2.813) | 0.914 (0.113; 2.481) | 1.344 (0.530; 2.532)d,e | 1.285 (0.480; 2.481)d | <0.001 |
| Adjusted GLMc | 1.090 (0.994; 1.191) | 0.972 (0.886; 1.063) | 1.304 (1.252; 1.358)d | 1.261 (1.211; 1.312)d | <0.001 |
| β-Caroteneb | 0.382 (0.080; 1.831)e | 0.526 (0.193; 1.432) | 0.315 (0.100; 0.997)e | 0.548 (0.225; 1.334) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted GLMc | 0.361 (0.430; 1.435) | 0.439 (0.518; 1.551) | 0.327 (0.356; 1.387)e | 0.549 (0.597; 1.732)d | <0.001 |
| α-Caroteneb | 0.142 (0.053; 0.383)e | 0.200 (0.093; 0.430) | 0.117 (0.064; 0.212)d,e | 0.166 (0.081; 0.338)d | <0.001 |
| Adjusted GLMc | 0.133 (0.153; 1.142)e | 0.171 (0.195; 1.186) | 0.122 (0.131; 1.130)e | 0.167 (0.179; 1.182) | <0.001 |
a
Geometric mean (95% CI) of back-transformed data.
b
One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test; P < 0.05.
c
Adjusted general linear model (GLM): univariate general linear model adjusted for BMI, smoking status and season; Bonferroni post-hoc test; P < 0.05.
d
Statistically significant difference between age-groups: old men compared to young men; old women compared to young women.
e
Statistically significant difference between sexes: men compared to women within the same age group.