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Potential oral biomarkers for AD diagnosis
| Biomarkers |
|---|
| Oral microbiome (e.g., presence in AD brain) |
| Volatile organic compounds (e.g., unique profiles among neurodegenerative diseases) |
| Salivary proteomics (e.g., Aβ peptides, tau, and lactoferrin, salivary acetylcholinesterase activity linked to AD) |
| Salivary lipidomics (a new frontier for AD) |
