Fig. 5. Candidalysin induces death of cultured primary hepatocytes.

Primary hepatocytes were isolated from mice fed an oral isocaloric (control) diet (A and C) or from mice subjected to the chronic-plus-binge ethanol diet model (B and D). Hepatocytes were incubated with different concentrations (0.6 μM and 3 μM) of Candidalysin or negative control peptide (Ece1-VII), as well as blank control (equal volume of culture medium), without (−) or with (+) ethanol (25 mM) for 24 hours (3 independent experiments performed in 4–7 replicates). (A and B) Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring LDH release in the supernatant. (C and D) Hepatocyte survival was measured using the MTT assay. Results are expressed as mean ± s.e. P values were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001.