Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics, CMR imaging features and Procedure data
| Baseline Characteristics | |
|---|---|
| N | 40 |
| Age (years) | 63.2 ± 9.2 |
| Male (%) | 30 (75) |
| Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (%) | 31 (77.5) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 59.2 ± 6.1 |
| Hypertension (%) | 23 (57.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 2 (5) |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 2 (5) |
| Ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (%) | 5 (12.5) |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 5 (12.5) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 3 (7.5) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea (%) | 8 (20) |
| Peripheral artery disease (%) | 3 (7.5) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.0 ± 1.2 |
| 0 | 2 (5) |
| 1 | 15 (37.5) |
| 2 | 11 (27.5) |
| 3 | 7 (17.5) |
| 4 | 3 (7.5) |
| 5 | 2 (5.0) |
| Prior ablation | 0.6 ± 0.9 |
| 0 | 24 (60) |
| 1 | 9 (22.5) |
| 2 | 5 (12.5) |
| 3 | 2 (5) |
| Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging features | |
| Left atrium volume measured by CMR (ml) | 80.3 ± 29.7 |
| Late Gadolinium Enhancement area (IIR>1.2), cm2 | 14.8 ± 16.3 |
| Late Gadolinium Enhancement area (IIR>1.2), % | 12.6 ± 13.2 |
| Late Gadolinium Enhancement area (IIR>1.6), cm2 | 1.4 ± 3.1 |
| Late Gadolinium Enhancement area (IIR>1.6), (%) | 1.1 ± 2.6 |
| Signal intensity z-score of sampled points (IQR) | −0.14 (−0.6~0.5) |
| Procedure data | |
| Mapping rhythm: Sinus rhythm (%) | 28 (70) |
| Electroanatomical map points | 1312.3 ± 767.3 |
| Electroanatomical map points for analysis | 123.9 ±120.4 |
| Bipolar Voltage mV (IQR: 25–75 quartile) | 1.4 (0.8~2.1) |
IQR: interquartile range