Table 3.
Univariate comparisons of precautionary behaviors [n (%)].
| Item | System establishment |
P | System validation |
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphedema (N1 = 102) | Non-lymphedema (N2 = 253) | Lymphedema (N3 = 54) | Non-lymphedema (N4 = 124) | |||
| 1. Infections in the affected limb | 5(4.9%) | 3(1.2%) | 0.082 | 1(1.9%) | 0(0.0%) | 0.303 |
| 2. Cuts and scrapes in the affected limb | 7(6.9%) | 11(4.3%) | 0.328 | 6(11.1%) | 4(3.2%) | 0.081 |
| 3. Sunburn in the affected limb | 0(0.0%) | 1(0.4%) | 1.000 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |
| 4. Scald by hot oil or steam in the affected limb while cooking | 9(8.8%) | 23(9.1%) | 0.937 | 7(13.0%) | 10(8.1%) | 0.307 |
| 5. Mosquito bites in the affected limb | 67(65.7%) | 143(56.5%) | 0.112 | 33(61.1%) | 72(58.1%) | 0.704 |
| 6. Get scratched by pet in the affected limb | 0(0.0%) | 5(2.0%) | 0.351 | 0(0.0%) | 2(1.6%) | 1.000 |
| 7. Measure blood pressure in the affected limb | 16(15.7%) | 58(22.9%) | 0.129 | 14(25.9%) | 24(19.4%) | 0.325 |
| 8. Blood draws/acupuncture/injections in the affected limb | 15(14.7%) | 48(19.0%) | 0.341 | 12(22.2%) | 22(17.7%) | 0.485 |
| 9. Trauma in the affected limb | 1(1.0%) | 2(0.8%) | 1.000 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |
| 10. Use the affected arm to lift or carry heavy objects suddenly | 26(25.5%) | 26(10.3%) | <0.001 | 13(24.1%) | 15(12.1%) | 0.044 |
| 11. Use the affected shoulder to carry shoulder bags | 12(11.8%) | 45(17.8%) | 0.162 | 2(3.7%) | 23(18.5%) | 0.009 |
| 12. Use the affected arm to hold babies | 6(5.9%) | 8(3.2%) | 0.373 | 0(0.0%) | 3(2.4%) | 0.554 |
| 13. Exposure to heat, such as hot tubs or saunas | 4(3.9%) | 8(3.2%) | 0.973 | 4(7.4%) | 7(5.6%) | 0.912 |
| 14. Cut cuticles in the affected limb | 13(12.7%) | 31(12.3%) | 0.899 | 3(5.6%) | 21(16.9%) | 0.041 |
| 15. Air travel | 48(47.1%) | 93(36.8%) | 0.073 | 23(42.6%) | 45(36.3%) | 0.426 |