Table 3.
Recent metabolomic elucidation of plant host metabolome changes during plant-microbes symbiosis.
| Profiled metabolome: plant host | Interactions and study conditions | Significant metabolites identified | Metabolomic analytical resource | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Wheat; | a. Wheat+ beneficial microbes (AMF + PGPR); in planta field trial; | a. Xilitol, carnitines, d-arabitol, pipecolic acid, 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, zymosterol, choline group, ethanolamines, and l-arabinose; | a. GC-TOF-MS and HILIC-Q-TOF-MS; | a. [72]; |
| b. Grape berries; | b. Grape berries + phytopathogen (B. cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and A. carbonarius); in vitro microplate and zip-lock plastic bag assay; | b. 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene, unidentified sesquiterpenes, 2-(4-hexyl-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)acetic acid, m-cresol and γ-nonalactone; | b. SPME-GC-QTOF-MS; | b. [81]; |
| c. Barley, wheat and rice; | c. Barley, wheat and rice + pathogen cassette (Lr34 resistance gene); in planta hydroponic experiment; | c. Gentisic acid O-glucoside, C-glycosylated flavones, isoorientin-7-2″-di-O- glucoside and hordatines; | c. UHPLC-HR-MS; | c. [73]; |
| d. Potato leaf; | d. Potato leaf + Phosphite; in planta field trial; | d. Caffeic acid, salicylic acid, and chlorogenic acid; | d. GC-TOF-MS; | d. [90]; |
| e. Apple fruit; | e. Apple fruit + phytopathogen (P. expansum); in vitro growth chamber experiment; | e. Fructose, malic acid, shikimic acid, ascorbic acid and glutathione; | e. HPLC; | e. [75]; |
| f. A. thaliana cell; | f. A. thaliana + phytopathogen (P. syringae); in vitro growth chamber experiment; | f. Unspecified; | f. FT-IR; | f. [41]; |
| g. Soybean; | g. Soybean + phytopathogen (R. solani); in vitro growth chamber experiment | g. Coumarins, phytoalexins, and flavonoids; | g. GC-MS | g. [32]; |
| h. Tomato; | h. Tomato + phytopathogen (B. cinerea and P. syringae) + beneficial compound (hexanoic acid); in planta controlled experiment; | h. 1-methyltryptophan; | h. UHPLC-MS/GC-MS; | h. [37]; |
| i. Sugarcane bud setts; | i. Sugar cane bud setts + Sporisorium scitamineum; in planta (green-house); | i. Lyxose, glycerate, raffinose, and phenylpropanoid; | i. GC-TOF-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS; | i. [74]; |
| j. Tomato; | j. Tomato + Trichoderma metabolites (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one and harzianic acid); in vitro plant growth assay; | j. Alanine, arginine, asparagine, fructose galactose, glucose, glutamine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, sucrose, threonine, trigonelline, tyrosine, and valine; | j. HRMAS-NMR; and | j. [76]; |
| k. Citrus leaves; and | k. Citrus seeds + Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus; in planta controlled experiment; and | k. Asparagine, choline, glucose, malic acid, maltose, proline, sucrose, threonine, trigonelline, quinic acid, and uridine; and | k. NMR; | k. [77]; and |
| l. Maize root | l. Wild type (WT) BX regulated maize (Zea mays cv.W22) root + BX deficient W22 mutant; in planta (green-house) | l. Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one | l. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS | l. [78] |
Key: GC: Gas Chromatography; HRMAS: High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning; HILIC: Hydrophilic interaction; QTOF: Quadruple Time of Flight; LC: Liquid Chromatography; HR: High Resolution; MS: Mass spectrometry; UHP: Ultra-High Performance; SPME: Solid Phase Microextraction; ESI: Electrospray ionization; and FT-IR: Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy.