Regulation of β-cell Cyb5r3 by FoxO1. (A) Cyb5r3 mRNA levels in β cells with elevated Aldh activity (Aldhhi) from RIP-Cre+ (Ctrl) vs. RIP-Cre+ FoxO1/3/4 fl/fl (β-FoxO) mice (n = 5 per group). (B) Immunofluorescence of Insulin (red), Aldh1a3 (blue), Cyb5r3 (green), and DAPI (white) in control vs. β-FoxO mice. (C) Cyb5r3 promoter ChIP-qPCR with anti-FoxO1 or IgG control in Min6 cells. (D) Cyb5r3 expression in Min6 cells transduced with adenovirus expressing GFP, constitutively active FoxO1-ADA, or dominant negative FoxO1-DN256. (E) Tracks of chromosome 15 with FoxO1 (green) and H3K27ac ChIP-Seq (fuchsia) proximal to Cyb5r3. FoxO1 and super-enhancer sites are indicated by the gray bars. All data are presented as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by Student t test. All experiments were performed at least three times unless otherwise indicated.