TABLE 1.

Key numbers for comparison of micro-fermentations and lab-scale fermentations.

	CBS optimized wo. Oleic acid CBS-gly-opt%OA C/N ratio: 0.875 pH: 7 Glycerol: 20 g/L (NH4)2SO4: 40 g/L		CBS-glycerol - Baseline C/N ratio: 7 pH: 5 Glycerol: 20 g/L (NH4)2SO4: 5 g/L		CBS-glucose C/N ratio: 7.3 pH: 5 Glucose: 80 g/L (NH4)2SO4: 5 g/L		YPD-glucose Initial medium: Yeast extract: 20 g/L Peptone: 40 g/L Glucose: 5 g/L Feed: 6g/h glucose
	1L Bioreactor	Microferm.	1L Bioreactor	Microferm.	1L Bioreactor	Microferm.	5L Fed-batch Larroude et al. (2017)
Specific growth rate (μ) [h–1]	0.282 ± 0.025	0.239 ± 0.008	0.300 ± 0.037	0.229 ± 0.003	0.184 ± 0.035	0.121 ± 0.0.25	–
Biomass conc. [g/L]*	6.933	7.811	7.568	6.789	20.812	7.285	72
Yield (Ysx) [gDW/gSubstrate]	0.369	0.391	0.381	0.340	0.262	0.092	0.080
Beta-carotene conc. [mg/L]	151.141	416.63	208.475	282.89	407.958	53.15	6500**
Yield (Ysp) [gBC/gSubstrate]	0.008	0.021	0.010	0.014	0.050	0.001	0.007
Yield (Yxp) [gBC/gDW]	0.022	0.053	0.028	0.042	0.020	0.007	0.09

Data is presented for three media types from this study and fed-batch data from Larroude et al. (2017). Specific growth rates and biomass concentration have been calculated from triplicates. Yields and β-carotene has been determined from representative replicates. * all standard deviations were below 1.144 g/L. ** note that in this case, the final concentration is provided at the end of a fed-batch process, therefore with a constant rate of glucose addition of 6 grams per hour throughout the run.