Table 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of healthy older and PD groups.
| Measure | Healthy old (n = 24) | PD (n = 20) | Group effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t-value | p-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 65.1 | 7.8 | 67.4 | 7.3 | −1.01 | 0.32 |
| Sex (female, count) | 12 | 8 | ||||
| Height (cm) | 169.2 | 8.2 | 170.3 | 9.2 | −0.42 | 0.68 |
| Weight (kg) | 75.2 | 14.2 | 74.9 | 14.8 | 0.06 | 0.95 |
| Balance and gait self-confidence | ||||||
| ABC | 94.5 | 5.5 | 89.4 | 10.1 | 2.14 | 0.038 |
| ASCQ | 9.56 | 0.58 | 9.06 | 1.17 | 1.83 | 0.07 |
| Cognitive function | ||||||
| ACE-R | 94.2 | 3.8 | 91.2 | 6.1 | 2.01 | 0.051 |
| MMSE | 28.9 | 1.2 | 28.8 | 1.5 | 0.18 | 0.86 |
| Vision | ||||||
| Bailey Lovie – high | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.17 | −3.2 | 0.003 |
| Bailey Lovie – low | 0.38 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 0.19 | −2.87 | 0.007 |
| Pelli Robson | 1.92 | 0.13 | 1.82 | 0.18 | 2.21 | 0.03 |
| Melbourne Edge Test | 18.5 | 1.4 | 17.5 | 1.9 | 2.01 | 0.051 |
| Tactile sensitivity (threshold 1 to 8) | ||||||
| Ankle | 4.02 | 0.78 | 4.63 | 1.23 | −1.95 | 0.059 |
| Toe | 3.39 | 1.11 | 3.55 | 0.94 | −0.50 | 0.62 |
| Medial plantar | 3.63 | 1.51 | 3.83 | 1.54 | −0.42 | 0.68 |
| Heel | 5.41 | 1.11 | 5.05 | 1.70 | 0.84 | 0.41 |
| Total | 4.11 | 0.85 | 4.26 | 1.12 | −0.49 | 0.63 |
Abbreviations: ABC, Activities-specific Balance Confidence; ACE-R, Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination Revised; ASCQ, Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire; MMSE, Mini Mental State Exam; PD, Parkinson’s disease.