Table 4.
Main effect of group for spectral measures and mean estimates with 95% confidence intervals.
| Spectral measure | Healthy young | Healthy old | PD | Group effect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | 95% CI | mean | 95% CI | mean | 95% CI | F | P | Padjusted | |
| EEG power (%) | |||||||||
| Theta | 21.7 | 14.4–29.0 | 23.6 | 16.6–30.56 | 16.1 | 8.3–23.9 | 1.05 | 0.36 | 0.50 |
| Alpha | 24.9 | 17.4–32.4 | 21.7 | 14.5–28.91 | 17.6 | 9.7–25.6 | 0.89 | 0.42 | 0.51 |
| Low beta | 33.2 | 25.2–41.2 | 20.0 | 12.4–27.68 | 19.7 | 11.2–28.2 | 3.71 | 0.030 | 0.075 |
| High beta | 20.6 | 13.2–28.1 | 15.8 | 8.7–22.94 | 18.9 | 11.0–26.9 | 0.45 | 0.64 | 0.67 |
| Gamma | 15.5 | 10.0–21.0 | 11.8 | 6.6–17.05 | 19.9 | 14.0–25.7 | 2.09 | 0.13 | 0.22 |
| EMG power (log) | |||||||||
| Theta | 9.9 | 9.7–10.1 | 9.5 | 9.4–9.72 | 9.4 | 9.1–9.6 | 8.22 | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Alpha | 9.1 | 8.9–9.2 | 8.7 | 8.6–8.9 | 8.6 | 8.4–8.8 | 5.86 | 0.005 | 0.021 |
| Low beta | 8.8 | 8.6–9.0 | 8.4 | 8.3–8.61 | 8.3 | 8.1–8.5 | 7.45 | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| High beta | 8.4 | 8.2–8.6 | 8.1 | 7.9–8.26 | 7.9 | 7.8–8.1 | 6.77 | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Gamma | 8.0 | 7.9–8.2 | 7.8 | 7.7–7.98 | 7.6 | 7.4–7.8 | 6.16 | 0.004 | 0.020 |
| ITC EEG (z-score) | |||||||||
| Theta | 12.5 | 11.1–13.8 | 13.0 | 11.7–14.29 | 12.3 | 10.8–13.8 | 0.28 | 0.76 | 0.76 |
| Alpha | 10.2 | 8.9–11.6 | 10.1 | 8.8–11.41 | 9.2 | 7.7–10.7 | 0.64 | 0.53 | 0.58 |
| Low beta | 11.1 | 9.7–12.6 | 9.1 | 7.7–10.49 | 8.1 | 6.6–9.7 | 4.20 | 0.019 | 0.060 |
| High beta | 8.7 | 7.2–10.1 | 7.6 | 6.2–8.97 | 7.2 | 5.6–8.7 | 1.10 | 0.34 | 0.50 |
| Gamma | 6.1 | 5.0–7.3 | 5.2 | 4.1–6.35 | 5.9 | 4.6–7.1 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.58 |
| ITC EMG (z-score) | |||||||||
| Theta | 24.6 | 22.8–26.4 | 23.0 | 21.3–24.8 | 20.3 | 18.4–22.2 | 5.36 | 0.007 | 0.025 |
| Alpha | 15.9 | 14.5–17.4 | 14.5 | 13.0–15.88 | 13.0 | 11.5–14.6 | 3.60 | 0.033 | 0.075 |
| Low beta | 11.7 | 10.5–12.8 | 9.7 | 8.6–10.82 | 10.3 | 9.1–11.5 | 2.99 | 0.057 | 0.11 |
| High beta | 6.9 | 5.8–8.0 | 5.4 | 4.3–6.45 | 5.5 | 4.4–6.7 | 2.29 | 0.11 | 0.20 |
| Gamma | 3.6 | 2.9–4.4 | 3.0 | 2.3–3.68 | 3.1 | 2.3–3.9 | 0.89 | 0.42 | 0.51 |
| CMC (z-score) | |||||||||
| Theta | 8.7 | 7.7–9.8 | 8.4 | 7.4–9.45 | 7.44 | 6.3–8.6 | 1.53 | 0.23 | 0.36 |
| Alpha | 5.1 | 4.4–5.9 | 4.4 | 3.7–5.16 | 3.75 | 2.9–4.6 | 3.02 | 0.056 | 0.11 |
| Low beta | 4.1 | 3.5–4.7 | 2.7 | 2.1–3.22 | 2.72 | 2.1–3.3 | 7.82 | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| High beta | 2.0 | 1.5–2.4 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.6 | 1.30 | 0.8–1.8 | 3.89 | 0.026 | 0.072 |
| Gamma | 0.9 | 0.7–1.1 | 0.7 | 0.5–0.9 | 0.74 | 0.5–1.0 | 0.87 | 0.43 | 0.51 |
CI, confidence interval; ITC, inter-trial coherence; CMC, corticomuscular coherence.