Fig. 2.

Examples of the pathway split which will converge to the same product downstream. (a) The formation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) from mevalonate 5-phosphate (MVAP) through mevalonate 5-diphosphate (MVAPP) or isopentenyl phosphate (IP) in the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway (Henry et al., 2015). (b) The formation of feruloyl-CoA from caffeic acid through caffeoyl-CoA or ferulic acid in the phenylpropanoid pathway (Bonawitz and Chapple, 2010). (c) The formation of ajmaline from acetylnorajmaline through norajmaline or acetylajmaline in the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthetic pathway (Ziegler and Facchini, 2008).