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. 2020 Feb 19;10:2948. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59886-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Impact of acidification on the red coral sclerites. Reported are the Scanning Electron Microscopy images of the red coral’s sclerites, including either capstans (A–C and respective enlarged details a-c) or crosses (D–F and respective enlarged details d-f), and indicative of different levels of damage ranked (A,a and D,d: <0% damage; B,b and E,e: between 0% and 50%; C,c and F,f: >50%). The bar plots show the frequency of the different levels of damage to red coral capstans (G) or crosses (H) for the different experimental systems [i.e., acidified and non-acidified control mesocosms, containing C. rubrum alone or in association with the coralligenous multispecies assemblages, at the start (0 days) and at the end (86 days) of the experiment]. Reported are average values and SDs (n.d., none detected). Greek letters are used to highlight the significant differences (p < 0.01) among the reported values, with α > β > γ > δ > ε > ζ > η in panel (G), and α > β > γ > δ > ε > ζ in panel (H).