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Organismal antioxidative indicators of Ciona robusta under unstressed (20°C), cold challenge (5°C) and recovery (20°C). (A) T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase) activity; (B) CAT (catalase) activity; (C) reduced GSH (glutathione) concentration; Each error bar represents the mean ± SE (N = 6). In the second round, the significant difference between the unstressed and prestressed was represented by black and red color, respectively. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
