Fig. 1. Inverse Simpson index (D₂) was used to assess alpha diversity at the start (0 h) and at the end of the incubation (16 h post treatment) on each volunteer.

Horizontal bars indicate means and distribution of each data point. Alpha diversity is indicated in green boxes for celecoxib treatment (CX), and in purple when the control treatment with the vehicle (PEG) was supplied. *P < 0.05.