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. 2019 Dec 5;42(1):201–216. doi: 10.1007/s11357-019-00143-6

Table 4.

Summary table of the most discriminative volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with the different aging phenotypes

VOC Association with
Feces
  Formic acid, butyl ester Healthy aging and longevity
  4-Carene Healthy aging and longevity
  1H-indole, 5 methyl Healthy aging and longevity
  Butanoic acid methyl ester Age (within familiar longevity)
  Ethanol Age (within familiar longevity)
  Butanoic acid ethyl ester Age (within familiar longevity)
  Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, 2-methyl propyl ester Age (within familiar longevity)
  Dimethyl trisulfide Aging
  1H-indole, 3 methyl Aging
Urine
  2-Butanone Aging
  Isopropyl alcohol Aging
  2-Pentanone Aging
  3-Penten-1-ol Aging
  Pyrrole Aging
  Carbon dioxide Healthy aging and longevity
  Benzaldehyde 2,3,6-thrichloro Healthy aging and longevity
  Acetone Healthy aging and longevity
  Trichloromethane Healthy aging and longevity
  Benzaldehyde Healthy aging and longevity
  Butanoic acid Healthy aging and longevity