Fig. 4.

D3-5 feeding results in favorable changes in gut microbiome. a Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showing the β-diversity clustering of gut microbiome from older obese mice fed with D3-5 and the control group. Major changes in bacterial phyla (b), families (c), and genera (d) in mice fed with D3-5 compared to their controls. e Abundance of Akkermansia was significantly increased in D3-5 fed mice compared to controls. f Cladograms of linear discrimination analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) demonstrating the clustering of gut microbiome in D3-5-fed older mice compared to the controls. g Abundance of A. muciniphila was significantly increased in D3-5 treated older obese mice compared to their non-treated controls. Values are mean of n = 5 mice per group ± SEM (error bars). Values with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 are statistically significant. ns: not significant