Figure 2.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects the plasticity of fetal precursor cells from the amniotic membrane. A, MTT incorporation in proliferating amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) isolated from pregnant control and GDM women (n = 7‐9 per group). B, Representative photomicrographs of AMSCs isolated from pregnant control and GDM women (n = 4 per group), differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes and stained with Oil Red, Alizarin Red, and Alcian Blue, respectively (magnification ×200). Quantification of the differentiation capacity was assessed by extracting the staining dyes and measuring the absorbance by spectrophotometry at 540 nm. C, Gene expression of adipogenic (ACACA, PPARy, FABP4, LPL), osteogenic (ALP, COL1α1), and chondrogenic (COMP, COL1α1, COL2α1) markers in AMSCs isolated from pregnant control and GDM women (n = 4 per group). In all cases, values of differentiated cells were normalized to their undifferentiated counterparts. Results are shown as mean ± SEM from independent donors experiments performed in duplicate. *P < .05 vs controls