Figure 4.

Phenotypic changes induced by a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)‐like environment rich in glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid on amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) obtained from control pregnant women. A, Gene expression analysis of the inflammatory markers TNFα, MCP‐1, CD40, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐33 in AMSCs isolated from control pregnant women stimulated with glucose (Gluc), insulin (Ins), and/or palmitic acid (PA; n = 4 per group). B, Migration capability of control AMSCs stimulated with glucose, insulin, and/or PA assessed by Transwell assays (n = 3 per group). C, Migration of THP‐1 cells to the conditioned medium of control AMSCs stimulated with glucose, insulin, and/or PA assessed in Transwell assays (n = 4 per group). D, MTT incorporation in proliferating control AMSCs stimulated with glucose, insulin, and/or PA (n = 4 per group). *P < .05 vs control, **P < .01 vs controls, ***P < .0001 vs controls