Table 5.
Association of categories of pedometer steps with metabolic syndrome and its components.
| Pittsburgh (n = 265) |
Kusatsu (n = 245) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||||||||
| <5000 (n = 48) | 5000–9999 (n = 161) | ≥10,000 (n = 56) | <5000 (n = 48) | 5000–9999 (n = 161) | ≥10,000 (n = 56) | <5000 (n = 27) | 5000–9999 (n = 132) | ≥10,000 (n = 86) | <5000 (n = 27) | 5000–9999 (n = 132) | ≥10,000 (n = 86) | |
| Metabolic syndrome a | Ref | 0.99 (0.20–1.89) | 0.31 (0.13–0.75)* | Ref | 0.99 (0.51–1.92) | 0.32 (0.13–0.78)* | Ref | 0.32 (0.14–0.75)* | 0.20 (0.08–0.50)* | Ref | 0.32 (0.14–0.77)* | 0.19 (0.07–0.49)* |
| High waist circumference b | Ref | 0.68 (0.35–1.30) | 0.21 (0.09–0.50)* | Ref | 0.68 (0.35–1.30) | 0.22 (0.09–0.52)* | Ref | 0.58 (0.25–1.35) | 0.24 (0.09–0.63)* | Ref | 0.57 (0.24–1.34) | 0.22 (0.08–0.59)* |
| High triglycerides c | Ref | 1.40 (0.72–2.74) | 0.61 (0.26–1.42) | Ref | 1.42 (0.72–2.79) | 0.60 (0.26–1.41) | Ref | 0.43 (0.19–0.99)* | 0.39 (0.16–0.93)* | Ref | 0.43 (0.19–1.00) | 0.39 (0.16–0.95)* |
| High blood pressured | Ref | 0.68 (0.36–1.30) | 0.52 (0.23–1.14) | Ref | 0.71 (0.37–1.38) | 0.52 (0.23–1.16) | Ref | 0.51 (0.22–1.18) | 0.50 (0.21–1.19) | Ref | 0.52 (0.22–1.21) | 0.47 (0.19–1.14) |
| High blood glucose e | Ref | 0.72 (0.33–1.57) | 0.51 (0.21–1.25) | Ref | 0.73 (0.33–1.61) | 0.54 (0.22–1.32) | Ref | 0.91 (0.39–2.10) | 0.69 (0.29–1.65) | Ref | 0.92 (0.39–2.14) | 0.68 (0.28–1.64) |
| Low HDL cholesterolf | Ref | 1.04 (0.48–2.23) | 0.56 (0.21–1.53) | Ref | 1.01 (0.46–2.22) | 0.56 (0.20–1.56) | Ref | 0.32 (0.10–1.05) | 0.39 (0.11–1.35) | Ref | 0.26 (0.07–0.92)* | 0.39 (0.11–1.45) |
| Obesity g | Ref | 0.79 (0.40–1.53) | 0.32 (0.13–0.79)* | Ref | 0.79 (0.40–1.56) | 0.32 (0.13–0.80)* | Ref | 0.58 (0.25–1.36) | 0.40 (0.16–1.00) | Ref | 0.56 (0.24–1.31) | 0.37 (0.15–0.94) |
Notes: Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: Model 1 + age, smoking, and alcohol.
a ≥3 of 5 components; b ≥102 cm in American men and ≥90 cm in Japanese men; c Systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or on medication; d Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or on medication; e HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dL or on medication; f Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or on medication; g BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in American men and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 in Japanese men.
* p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein; Ref = reference group.