Table 2:

Non-patient factors - Emerged themes and their subcategories

Non-patient-factors
Subcategories	Definition
Routines and workflow patterns	The arrangements and sequence of tasks consistently established in the individual clinic practices.
Micro-cultures	The relationships established between clinicians in the individual teams in terms of clinic workflow structures and productivity.
Indirect observation & second-hand knowledge	Clinical information that was observed, collected, and delivered by the mid-level provider to the attending surgeon.