Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of men who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada stratified by sex with men
| Characteristic | Total (%) (n = 1663) |
Sex with men* |
p - value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) (n = 1438) |
Yes (%) (n = 225) |
|||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (med, IQR) | 40 (28-47) | 41 (30-48) | 34 (24-43) | <0.001 |
| White race/ethnicity | 1115 (67.0) | 972 (67.6) | 143 (63.6) | 0.231 |
| Completed high school | 796 (47.9) | 687 (47.8) | 109 (48.4) | 0.864 |
| Downtown Eastside residence | 859 (51.7) | 766 (53.3) | 93 (41.3) | 0.001 |
| In a relationship | 389 (23.4) | 331 (23.0) | 58 (25.8) | 0.272 |
| Social-structural exposures | ||||
| Ever in foster care | 560 (33.7) | 470 (32.7) | 90 (40.0) | 0.267 |
| Childhood sexual abuse† | 327 (19.7) | 244 (17.0) | 83 (36.9) | <0.001 |
| Homeless or unstable housing | 1279 (76.9) | 1107 (77.0) | 172 (76.4) | 0.878 |
| Incarceration, past 6 mo. | 322 (19.4) | 292 (20.3) | 30 (13.3) | 0.013 |
| Physical violence, past 6 mo. | 483 (29.0) | 406 (28.2) | 77 (34.2) | 0.066 |
| Sexual violence, past 6 mo. | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (1.8) | 0.002 |
| Sex work, past 6 mo. | 102 (6.1) | 25 (1.7) | 77 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Drug use and sexual behaviors‡ | ||||
| Heroin use | 980 (58.9) | 858 (59.7) | 122 (54.2) | 0.135 |
| Prescription opioid use | 379 (22.8) | 345 (24.0) | 34 (15.1) | 0.102 |
| Cocaine use | 847 (50.9) | 736 (51.2) | 111 (49.3) | 0.643 |
| Crack cocaine use | 1222 (73.5) | 1054 (73.3) | 168 (74.7) | 0.665 |
| Crystal methamphetamine use | 564 (33.9) | 435 (30.3) | 129 (57.3) | <0.001 |
| Lent syringes | 99 (6.0) | 80 (5.6) | 19 (8.4) | 0.091 |
| Borrowed syringes | 136 (8.2) | 103 (7.2) | 33 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Inconsistent condom use | 582 (35.0) | 485 (33.7) | 97 (43.1) | 0.006 |
| Health status and access to care | ||||
| HIV-positive | 518 (31.1) | 425 (29.6) | 93 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis C-positive | 1198 (72.0) | 1074 (74.7) | 124 (55.1) | <0.001 |
| Accessed supervised injection facility in past 6 mo. | 748 (45.0) | 666 (46.3) | 82 (36.4) | 0.005 |
| Ever accessed addiction treatment | 1305 (78.5) | 1142 (79.4) | 163 (72.4) | 0.016 |
| Accessed treatment in past 6 mo. | 788 (47.4) | 682 (47.4) | 106 (47.1) | 0.908 |
| Unable to access treatment in past 6 mo. | 135 (8.1) | 108 (7.5) | 27 (12.0) | 0.022 |
*
At least once over the study period, excluding sex work partners
†
Score of 13-25 (moderate to extreme) vs. 5-12 (none to low) on Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
‡
Yes vs. no, over the previous six months