Hoyberg 1993.

Methods	Allocation: randomised (no further description). Blindness: double (identicle appearance of medication). Duration: 8 weeks. Consent: given. Setting: multicentre, multinational.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (DSM‐III‐R). N=107. Sex: 77M, 30F. Age: 20‐67 years, mean ˜ 36 years. History: chronic. Exclusions: other significant physical or psychological illness, abnormal lab results, substance abuse, oral neuroleptics within 3 days of trial, depot neuroleptics within 3 weeks of trial, pregnant or nursing females, females of child bearing potential without adequate contraception.
Interventions	1. Risperidone: initially 5mg/day adjusted according to clincial judgement, 5‐15mg/day 1‐28, FD (if possible) thereafter. N=55. 2. Perphenazine: 16‐48mg/day, an initial dose of 16mg/day was adjusted as required days 1‐28, FD (if possible) thereafter. N=52.
Outcomes	Clinical improvement: >20% reduction in total PANSS or BPRS score, Global effect: CGI improved/not improved. Adverse effects: use of antiparkinsonian medication. Leaving the study early. Unable to use ‐ Severity of illness: CGI severity (no SD). Mental state: PANSS, BPRS‐PANSS derived (no SD). Physiological monitoring: ECG, lab tests (insufficient data). Adverse effects: ESRS, UKU (no SD).
Notes	Intention‐to‐treat analysis for adverse effects.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear