Chouinard 1993a.

Methods	Allocation: randomised (no further description). Blindness: double (identical tablets). Duration: 8 weeks (preceeded by one week washout). Consent: written. Setting: multicentre.
Participants	Diagnosis:schizophrenia (DSM‐III‐R). N=135. Sex: 96M, 39F. Age: 19‐67 years, mean ˜ 37 years. History: chronic, hospitalised with mean duration of current hospitalisation ˜ 2 years. Exclusions: other significant physical or psychological illness, pregnant or nursing females, females without adequate contraception, substance abuse.
Interventions	1. Risperidone: 2mg/day FD. N=24. 2. Risperidone: 6mg/day FD. N=22. 3. Risperidone: 10 mg/day FD. N=22. 4. Risperidone: 16mg/day FD. N=24. 5. Haloperidol: 20mg/day FD. N=21. 6. Placebo. N=22. chloral hydrate, benzodiazepine, procyclidine or biperidin as required.
Outcomes	Clinical improvement: 20% reduction of total PANSS score. Global effect: CGI score. Mental state: BPRS, PANSS. Adverse effects: ESRS, observed events on the UKU*, use of antiparkinsonian and/or sedative medication. Leaving the study early. Unable to use ‐ Physiological monitoring: ECG, lab tests (no data)
Notes	Only haloperidol data used.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear