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. 2014 Apr 14;2014(4):CD000227. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000227.pub4

Comparison 13. Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] or any analogue with/without calcium: adverse effects.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
13.1 Deaths 29 71032 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.93, 1.01]
13.1.1 Vitamin D [D2, D3, 25(OH)D] 18 22854 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.94, 1.03]
13.1.2 Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium 6 46794 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.87, 1.02]
13.1.3 Alfacalcidol [1‐alpha(OH)D3] 1 380 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.06, 15.38]
13.1.4 Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] 4 1004 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.13 [0.41, 3.09]
13.2 Persons with hypercalcaemia 21 17124 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.28 [1.57, 3.31]
13.2.1 Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] 10 11611 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.57 [0.80, 3.05]
13.2.2 Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium 2 3853 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.29 [0.37, 29.14]
13.2.3 Alfacalcidol [1‐alpha(OH)D3] 5 672 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.52 [0.85, 2.72]
13.2.4 Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] 4 988 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 4.41 [2.14, 9.09]
13.3 Persons with gastrointestinal effects 15 47761 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.04 [1.00, 1.08]
13.3.1 Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] 7 6230 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.79, 1.14]
13.3.2 Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium 4 40524 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.05 [1.01, 1.09]
13.3.3 Alfacalcidol [1‐alpha(OH)D3] 1 98 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Not estimable
13.3.4 Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] 3 909 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.66, 1.58]
13.4 Persons with renal disease (calculi or insufficiency) 11 46548 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.16 [1.02, 1.33]
13.4.1 Vitamin D [D2, D3, 25(OH)D] 4 5978 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.59 [0.24, 1.42]
13.4.2 Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium 2 39552 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.17 [1.03, 1.34]
13.4.3 Alfacalcidol [1‐alpha(OH)D3] 1 66 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Not estimable
13.4.4 Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D3] 4 952 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.59 [0.61, 10.96]