Menczel 1994.

Study characteristics
Methods	Randomised double‐blind study 46 of 66 completed
Participants	University and tertiary institutions, Israel 66 osteoporotic postmenopausal women, mean age 67 years Inclusion based on interpretation of lateral spine radiographs Exclusion criteria: medical condition or medication known to affect bone metabolism (including HRT), a history of recent kidney stones, creatine clearance < 50 mL/min/1.73 m2, serum calcium > 10.8 mg/dL
Interventions	1. 1‐alphahydroxyvitamin D3 0.25 μg plus calcium 500 mg, twice daily Randomised 24, completed 17 2. Placebo plus calcium 500 mg twice daily Randomised 42, completed 29 Duration of treatment 3 years
Outcomes	Measured at 3 years 1. New vertebral fractures 2. Radial styloid BMC (SPA) 3. Serum Ca, PO4 4. Creatinine clearance 5. Urinary calcium 6. Clinical side effects (gastro‐intestinal)
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	States "randomized", no other information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	States "randomly allocated", no other information provided