Table 2. Multivariate zero-inflated Poisson regression coefficient estimates for frequency of condom-use in Canada 2018.
| Sample | All | All | Cisgender | Men | Cisgender | Women |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimation | Logit | Poisson | Logit | Poisson | Logit | Poisson |
| Outcome | Zero | Count | Zero | Count | Zero | Count |
| Gender & sexual identity–Reference: Heterosexual cisgender women (all) & Heterosexual for cisgender samples) | ||||||
| Heterosexual cisgender men | -0.402* | 0.035 | ||||
| (0.199) | (0.053) | |||||
| Gay/bi/pansexual cisgender men | -1.778 | 0.208* | -0.948 | 0.211* | ||
| (1.050) | (0.094) | (1.416) | (0.087) | |||
| Lesbian/bi/pansexual cisgender women | 0.321 | 0.236*** | 0.198 | 0.304*** | ||
| (0.540) | (0.066) | (0.472) | (0.082) | |||
| Non-conforming/trans all orientations | -0.619 | 0.113 | ||||
| (0.886) | (0.089) | |||||
| Age–Reference: 18–24 | ||||||
| 25–34 | 0.332 | -0.131 | 1.191 | -0.106 | 0.409 | -0.159 |
| (0.438) | (0.073) | (1.482) | (0.122) | (0.476) | (0.118) | |
| 35–44 | 0.421 | -0.117 | 0.947 | -0.116 | 0.393 | -0.056 |
| (0.456) | (0.074) | (1.538) | (0.125) | (0.515) | (0.101) | |
| 45–54 | 1.510*** | -0.105 | 2.591 | -0.160 | 1.480** | -0.025 |
| (0.455) | (0.079) | (1.552) | (0.126) | (0.533) | (0.128) | |
| 55–64 | 2.269*** | -0.058 | 2.972 | -0.101 | 3.058*** | -0.245 |
| (0.502) | (0.102) | (1.586) | (0.147) | (0.708) | (0.254) | |
| 65+ | 2.734*** | 0.044 | 4.528** | 0.172 | 2.462*** | -0.005 |
| (0.517) | (0.127) | (1.582) | (0.158) | (0.700) | (0.186) | |
| Highest education–Reference: High school | ||||||
| College, trade, or other | -0.572* | 0.092 | -0.361 | 0.096 | -0.482 | 0.184 |
| (0.261) | (0.064) | (0.471) | (0.100) | (0.359) | (0.112) | |
| University | -0.647* | 0.153* | -0.576 | 0.171 | -0.645 | 0.251* |
| (0.305) | (0.069) | (0.549) | (0.114) | (0.428) | (0.123) | |
| More than university | -1.201*** | 0.067 | -1.363* | 0.129 | -1.210* | 0.081 |
| (0.328) | (0.078) | (0.595) | (0.113) | (0.483) | (0.137) | |
| Visible Minority | -0.524* | 0.085 | -0.417 | 0.094 | -0.527 | 0.099 |
| (0.258) | (0.045) | (0.471) | (0.062) | (0.385) | (0.078) | |
| English | 0.563 | 0.086 | 1.731 | 0.295* | -0.147 | -0.150 |
| (0.665) | (0.102) | (1.490) | (0.117) | (0.713) | (0.133) | |
| Relationship status–Reference Married or living together in a relationship | ||||||
| Single (not dating/not specified) | -1.969*** | 0.157** | -3.382*** | 0.149 | -1.441** | 0.099 |
| (0.380) | (0.059) | (0.594) | (0.079) | (0.518) | (0.112) | |
| Single (dating/hanging out) | -1.543*** | 0.121* | -2.781*** | 0.018 | -1.260* | 0.225* |
| (0.362) | (0.061) | (0.666) | (0.094) | (0.501) | (0.097) | |
| In relationship, not living together | -0.710* | 0.114 | -0.714 | 0.014 | -0.660 | 0.159 |
| (0.334) | (0.070) | (0.561) | (0.108) | (0.438) | (0.100) | |
| Sexual health–Reference: Poor sexual health | ||||||
| Fair | -1.214 | -0.219 | -2.217 | -0.115 | -1.056 | -0.313 |
| (0.649) | (0.215) | (1.357) | (0.181) | (0.787) | (0.341) | |
| Good | -1.279* | -0.087 | -2.363* | -0.054 | -1.144 | -0.058 |
| (0.597) | (0.203) | (1.054) | (0.148) | (0.720) | (0.330) | |
| Very good | -1.260* | -0.166 | -3.002** | -0.060 | -0.644 | -0.225 |
| (0.590) | (0.200) | (1.078) | (0.134) | (0.717) | (0.324) | |
| Excellent | -1.152 | -0.120 | -2.547* | -0.082 | -0.648 | -0.097 |
| (0.611) | (0.203) | (1.034) | (0.139) | (0.754) | (0.333) | |
| Ever had STI/STD | 0.321 | 0.028 | 1.477** | -0.096 | -0.055 | 0.134 |
| (0.321) | (0.055) | (0.564) | (0.086) | (0.402) | (0.076) | |
| Likelihood of STI in next 6 months–Reference: Little chance | ||||||
| Some chance | -1.032** | -0.082 | -1.356 | -0.126 | -1.305** | -0.101 |
| (0.337) | (0.056) | (0.701) | (0.095) | (0.432) | (0.094) | |
| More than 50% | -1.665** | -0.092 | -3.892*** | -0.097 | -1.044 | -0.150 |
| (0.620) | (0.070) | (0.845) | (0.091) | (0.825) | (0.161) | |
| Used other contraception | 1.930*** | -0.217* | 3.239*** | -0.017 | 1.689*** | -0.321* |
| (0.308) | (0.092) | (0.716) | (0.158) | (0.368) | (0.151) | |
| Condom lessons–Reference: none | ||||||
| Informal lessons | -0.209 | -0.058 | -1.092* | -0.040 | 0.407 | -0.167 |
| (0.294) | (0.079) | (0.470) | (0.112) | (0.440) | (0.115) | |
| Formal lessons | 0.259 | -0.071 | -0.853 | -0.021 | 0.949* | -0.226* |
| (0.310) | (0.077) | (0.513) | (0.117) | (0.430) | (0.112) | |
| Region–Reference: Atlantic provinces | ||||||
| BC | -0.155 | -0.030 | 0.504 | -0.359 | -0.157 | 0.242 |
| (0.457) | (0.124) | (0.831) | (0.192) | (0.638) | (0.166) | |
| Prairies | 0.133 | 0.030 | 0.792 | -0.059 | 0.068 | 0.135 |
| (0.372) | (0.105) | (0.667) | (0.142) | (0.493) | (0.169) | |
| Ontario | -0.174 | 0.076 | 0.423 | -0.027 | -0.291 | 0.179 |
| (0.340) | (0.097) | (0.596) | (0.121) | (0.460) | (0.161) | |
| Quebec | 0.901 | 0.123 | 3.674* | 0.206 | -0.420 | -0.018 |
| (0.682) | (0.128) | (1.597) | (0.150) | (0.777) | (0.198) | |
| Urban | -0.476 | -0.059 | -1.067 | -0.124 | -0.541 | -0.030 |
| (0.292) | (0.069) | (0.561) | (0.099) | (0.409) | (0.103) | |
| Household income–Reference: under $20,000 | ||||||
| $20,001-$40,000 | 0.202 | -0.032 | 1.634 | -0.060 | -0.227 | 0.089 |
| (0.485) | (0.099) | (1.042) | (0.131) | (0.655) | (0.160) | |
| $40,001-$60,000 | 0.006 | 0.044 | 2.071 | 0.072 | -0.770 | -0.004 |
| (0.477) | (0.094) | (1.115) | (0.128) | (0.624) | (0.154) | |
| $60,001-$80,000 | 0.418 | 0.053 | 2.581* | 0.025 | -0.394 | 0.101 |
| (0.474) | (0.092) | (1.129) | (0.119) | (0.620) | (0.172) | |
| $80,001-$100,000 | -0.234 | -0.072 | 1.000 | -0.215 | -1.124 | 0.060 |
| (0.492) | (0.100) | (1.135) | (0.132) | (0.654) | (0.173) | |
| Over $100,001 | 0.549 | 0.159 | 2.014 | 0.072 | 0.326 | 0.164 |
| (0.510) | (0.093) | (1.167) | (0.121) | (0.703) | (0.189) | |
| Religion–Reference: no religion or agnostic | ||||||
| Catholic | 0.349 | -0.074 | 0.306 | -0.032 | 0.453 | -0.053 |
| (0.327) | (0.083) | (0.586) | (0.125) | (0.448) | (0.139) | |
| Protestant incl. evan. | 0.309 | -0.077 | 1.248 | -0.158 | -0.395 | 0.170 |
| (0.388) | (0.089) | (0.726) | (0.129) | (0.555) | (0.144) | |
| Other & PNA | -0.500 | -0.114 | -0.025 | -0.265* | -0.777* | 0.014 |
| (0.306) | (0.069) | (0.688) | (0.110) | (0.395) | (0.100) | |
| How often do you attend religious services | -0.201* | 0.019 | -0.305* | 0.016 | -0.116 | 0.016 |
| (0.080) | (0.015) | (0.154) | (0.023) | (0.112) | (0.024) | |
| Constant | 1.538 | 1.990*** | -0.530 | 2.007*** | 2.051 | 1.987*** |
| (1.096) | (0.274) | (2.889) | (0.281) | (1.338) | (0.421) | |
| Observations | 918 | 437 | 464 | |||
| N = zero | 532 | 228 | 300 | |||
| F | 1.772*** | 2.249 | 2.032 | |||
| AIC | 2855.186 | 1486.030 | 1311.203 | |||
| BIC | 3260.251 | df = 84 | 1804.265 | df = 78 | 1634.114 | df = 78 |
Unstandardized multivariate regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. Bold coefficients and standard errors for sets of dummies for categorical variables indicate statistically significant tests for whether all group dummies are jointly equal to zero (the null hypothesis) using Stata 16 postestimation contrast command (p < 0.05).
*** p<0.001.
** p<0.01.
* p<0.05.