Table 2.
Asymptomatic threshold (above) and fully symptomatic threshold (below): Comparisons with a gold standard
| First author | Year | Sample, countrya | Size (N) | ♀ (%) | Age (range & M (s.d.) at T1) | Scale to determine cut-off | Gold standard for asymptomatic range/remission | Advised or implicated cut-off for asymptomatic range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic | ||||||||
| Hawley et al. | 2002 | Patients, GB | 684 | N/A | N/A | MADRS | CGI-S (using two different methods; CGI-S = 2 interpreted as ‘midpoint’ between remission and no remission) | MADRS <9 or <10 |
| Zimmerman et al. | 2004d | Patients, USA | 303 | 62 | M = 43 (13) R = 18–79 | MADRS | Broad: SCOR-D ⩽2 | MADRS ⩽9 |
| Narrow: SCOR-D = 1b | MADRS ⩽4b | |||||||
| Zimmerman et al. | 2005 | Patients, USA | 303 | 62 | M = 43 (13) R = 18–79 | HAMD-17 | Broad: SCOR-D ⩽2 | HAM-D17⩽5 |
| Narrow: SCOR-D = 1b | HAM-D17⩽2b | |||||||
| Bandelow et al. | 2006 | Patients, DK/DE | 1922 | ± 70 | M = ± 40 (12) | MADRS | CGI-S ⩽2 | MADRS ⩽11 |
| CGI-S = 1 (not at all ill) | MADRS ⩽5 | |||||||
| Ballesteros et al. | 2007 | Patients, ES | 113 | 81 | M = 45 (13) | HAMD-17 | CGI-S = 1 | HAMD-17 ⩽7c |
| Riedel et al. | 2010 | Patients, DE | 846 | 62 | M = 46 (12) | HAMD-17, MADRS | CGI-S = 1 (=normal /min. Sx) | HAMD-17 ⩽6 MADRS ⩽7 |
| Romera et al. | 2011 | Patients, ES | 292 | 77 | M = 51 (15) | HAMD-17 | SOFAS ⩾80 | HAMD-17 ⩽5d |
| Leucht et al. | 2013 | Patients, GB | 7131 | 62 | M = 45 (15) | HAMD-17 | CGI-S = 1 | HAMD-17 ⩽5 |
| CGI-S ⩽2 | HAMD-17 ⩽7 | |||||||
| Sacchetti et al. | 2015 | Patients, IT | 169 | 64 | M = 46 (12) | HAMD-17 | 7i-SF-12 predicting better than poor functioning | HAMD-17 ⩽4 |
| Fully symptomatic | ||||||||
| Leucht et al. | 2013 | Patients, GB | 7131 | 62 | M = 45 (15) | HAMD-17 | CGI-S ⩾ 2 | HAMD-17 ⩾ 7 |
| CGI-S⩾3 | HAMD-17⩾13/14 | |||||||
CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale (1, very much improved; 2, much improved; 3, minimally improved; 4, no change; 5, minimally worse; 6, much worse; 7=very much worse); HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (a.k.a. HRSD, HDRS); MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; M, mean; min., minimal; N, number of participants; N/A, not available; R, range; s.d., standard deviation; SF-12 , 12-item short-form health survey; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; Sx, symptoms; T1, baseline.
Country codes (ISO Alpha-2 and 3): DE, Germany; DK, Denmark; ES, Spain; IT, Italy; USA, United States of America.
cut-off preferred by authors, typically because this subgroup scored better on psychosocial functioning.
High value attributed to specificity.
Equal value placed on sensitivity and specificity (AUC: 0.81).