Comparison 3. (1.5)Membranes sweeping versus no treatment: all women, intact membranes, unfavourable cervix.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
3 Caesarean section	3	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.49, 1.95]
4 Serious neonatal morbidity/perinatal death	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 Serious maternal morbidity or death	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 Epidural analgesia	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.42, 1.18]
11 Instrumental vaginal delivery	2	135	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.33, 2.24]
13 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.06, 14.85]
14 Neonatal intensive care unit admission	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.15, 6.47]
16 Perinatal death	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
31 Not delivered before 42 weeks (not prespecified)	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.03 [0.00, 0.42]
36 'Formal' induction of labour (not prespecified)	3	226	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.37, 0.71]
37 Maternal infection/fever (not prespecified)	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.11 [0.01, 1.93]
38 Prelabour rupture of membranes (not prespecified)	1	70	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.0 [0.39, 10.22]
39 Neonatal infection (not prespecified)	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]