Comparison 4. (1.10)Membranes sweeping versus no treatment: all primiparae.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
3 Caesarean section	2	378	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.33, 1.42]
4 Serious neonatal morbidity/perinatal death	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.13, 71.92]
7 Oxytocin augmentation	1	278	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.21 [0.88, 1.67]
10 Epidural analgesia	1	278	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.74, 1.36]
11 Instrumental vaginal delivery	2	378	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.32 [0.84, 2.08]
13 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes	1	278	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.14, 2.43]
14 Neonatal intensive care unit admission	1	99	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.20 [0.01, 4.14]
16 Perinatal death	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.13, 71.92]
28 Not in labour or not delivered within 48 hours (not prespecified)	3	293	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.67, 0.89]
29 Not delivered within one week (not prespecified)	3	465	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.66, 0.90]
30 Not delivered before 41 weeks (not prespecified)	2	378	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.46 [0.31, 0.68]
32 Delay to delivery (days) (not prespecified)	1	278	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.20 [‐2.50, 0.10]
36 'Formal' induction of labour (not prespecified)	4	531	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.38, 0.69]
38 Prelabour rupture of membranes (not prespecified)	2	378	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.33, 1.42]
39 Neonatal infection (not prespecified)	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]