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. 2020 Feb 20;4(1):010904. doi: 10.1063/1.5129563

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© Author(s).

2473-2877/2020/4(1)/010904/8

All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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FIG. 1. — Techniques to study the effect of shear stress on the endothelium. (a) Diagram illustrating the perfusable flow system for the application of PS or OS to ECs in vitro. (b) The perfusion system applies shear stress, with pulsating a net directional flow rate of 12 ± 4 dynes/cm², characteristic of PS (lower panel); while pulsating shear, with a minimal net directional flow rate of 0.5 ± 4 dynes/cm², is characteristic of OS (upper panel). (c) Illustration of an aorta annotated with the aortic arch, a region characterized by disturbed flow patterns modeled by OS, and the thoracic aorta, a region characterized by laminar flow patterns modeled by PS.