FIG. 2.

The effect of shear stress on the endothelium. (a) Network schematic for the effect of PS on ECs. PS activates AMPK, KLF2, and KLF4. AMPK is atheroprotective by phosphorylating DNMT1, RBBP7, HAT1, YAP/TAZ, PARP1, NCL, and cortactin. KLF2 exerts a similar atheroprotective effect by transcriptionally inducing ITPR3, LEENE, and LINC00341. Collectively, the activities of these targets are modulated to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function, increase eNOS-derived NO bioavailability, and reduce EC proliferation and inflammation. (b) Network schematic for the effect of OS on ECs. OS activates SREBP2, YAP/TAZ, and NF-κB which collectively impair EC homeostasis, and enhance EC inflammation and proliferation.