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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2020 Jan 17;204(5):1274–1286. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901127

Figure.5. Anthelmintic therapy significantly increases monocyte activation and decreases M2 polarization in LTBI/Ss coinfection.

Figure.5.

Baseline and antigen-stimulated frequencies of monocytes expressing activation and M2 markers were determined by flow cytometry in Ss+ (light grey n =15) individuals before and after treatment with a standard dose of ivermectin and albendazole. The (A) baseline (unstimulated) as well as (B) PPD Ag, (C) WCL and (D) P/I stimulated frequencies of monocyte expressing activation (CD54, CD80, CD86) and M2 (CCR2, CX3CR1) markers are shown. Each line represents a single individual. Net frequencies were calculated by subtracting baseline frequencies from the antigen-induced frequencies for each individual. The p values were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.