Table 1.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for risk factors in singleton extremely preterm 24 + 0 to 27 + 6 weeks of gestational age fetuses in breech and in cephalic presentations during 2004–2014 in Finland
| 24–27 Weeks of gestation | Breech (N = 483) | Cephalic (N = 1573) | P value | Odds ratio (95% Cl) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% Cl) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age < 25 | 17 (3.5%) | 37 (2.4%) | 0.153 | 1.51 (0.84–2.71) | 1.56 (0.85–2.84) |
| Maternal age ≥ 35 | 129 (26.7%) | 438 (27.8%) | 0.606 | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | 0.94 (0.73–1.20) |
| Smoking | 77 (15.9%) | 251 (16.0%) | 0.934 | 1 (0.76–1.32) | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) |
| Maternal BMI ≥ 25 | 78 (16.10%) | 262 (16.7%) | 0.499 | 0.96 (0.76–1.32) | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) |
| Maternal BMI ≥ 30 | 33 (6.8%) | 104 (6.6%) | 0.898 | 1.04 (0.69–1.55) | 1.03 (0.61–1.75) |
| Nulliparity | 221 (45.8%) | 727 (46.2%) | 0.409 | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) |
| Parity ≥ 3 | 66 (13.7%) | 220 (14.0%) | 0.983 | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 1.01 (0.73–1.40) |
| Maternal hypothyroidism | 6 (1.2%) | 9 (0.6%) | 0.159 | 2.19 (0.77–6.17) | 2.15 (0.74–6.22) |
| Maternal hyperthyroidism | 1 (0.2%) | 3 (0.2%) | 0.783 | 1.09 (0.11–10.46) | 1.38 (0.14–13.62) |
| Pre-gestational diabetes treated with insulin | 2 (0.4%) | 6 (0.4%) | 0.577 | 1.09 (0.22–5.40) | 1.27 (0.55–2.96) |
| Gestational diabetes | 20 (4.1%) | 48 (3.1%) | 0.222 | 1.37 (0.81–2.34) | 1.42 (0.81–2.49) |
| Pre-eclampsia/hypertension | 34 (7.0%) | 84 (5.3%) | 0.083 | 1.34 (0.89–2.03) | 1.46 (0.95–2.24) |
| Previous cesarean section | 64 (13.3%) | 232 (14.7%) | 0.294 | 0.88 (0.66–1.19) | 0.85 (0.61–1.17) |
| IVF | 17 (3.5%) | 64 (4.1%) | 0.828 | 0.86 (0.50–1.48) | 0.94 (0.53–1.65) |
| Maternal care for (suspected) damage to fetus by alcohol/drugs | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.2%) | 0.971 | ||
| Placenta praevia | 9 (1.9%) | 29 (1.8%) | 0.981 | 1.01 (0.48–2.15) | 1.01 (0.47–2.18) |
| Placental abruption | 20 (4.1%) | 101 (6.4%) | 0.040 | 0.63 (0.39–1.03) | 0.59 (0.36–0.98) |
| PPROM | 120 (24.8%) | 308 (19.6%) | 0.010 | 1.36 (1.07–1.73) | 1. 39 (1.08–1.79) |
| Oligohydramnios | 16 (3.3%) | 45 (2.9%) | 0.625 | 1.16 (0.65–2.08) | 1.16 (0.64–2.11) |
| Congenital anomaly | 122 (25.3%) | 435 (27.7%) | 0.242 | 0.88 (0.70–1.12) | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) |
| Female sex | 234 (48.4%) | 734 (46.7%) | 0.584 | 1.07 (0.88–1.32) | 1.06 (0.86–1.30) |
| Birthweight < 10th percentile | 47 (9.7%) | 174 (11.1%) | 0.486 | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 1.16 (0.76–1.78) |
| Birthweight > 97th percentile | 4 (0.8%) | 15 (1.0%) | 0.905 | 0.87 (0.29–2.63) | 0.94 (0.30–2.89) |
BMI body mass index, IVF in vitro fertilization, maternal intoxication, PPROM preterm premature rupture of membranes