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. 2020 Feb 21;5:10. doi: 10.1038/s41392-019-0103-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Western blot analysis of the effects of IFN-γ or IFN-γ + 1-MT on the expression of IDO1, IDO2, and TDO in U87MG cells. b Migration and invasion assays of U87MG cells treated with IFN-γ or IFN-γ + 1-MT. c Western blot analysis of the expression of IDO1 in IDO1-overexpressing U87MG cells (OE-IDO1). d Western blot analysis of the expression of TDO in TDO-overexpressing (OE-TDO) or TDO-knockdown (si-TDO) U87MG cells. e Migration and invasion assays of IDO1- or TDO-overexpressing U87MG cells. f Migration and invasion assays of TDO-knockdown U87MG cells. g Migration and invasion assays of U87MG cells treated with Kyn. h Migration and invasion assays of U87MG cells treated with IFN-γ + 1-MT or IFN-γ + 1-MT + Kyn. i Migration and invasion assays of si-TDO- or si-TDO + Kyn-treated U87MG cells. The designation of the different treatments is described in the Materials and methods section. Representative images and accompanying statistical plots are presented (magnification, ×200; scale bar, 100 μm). n = 3 per group. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test (b, e) and Student's t test (f–i). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.