Fig. 1. Cholesterol analogs screened for enhanced mRNA-based gene transfection.
a Schematic showing desorption of PEG-lipids from LNPs allows ApoE binding causing LDL-mediated cellular uptake in cells following which a small portion of nucleic acids escape the endosome and the majority are recycled back by lysosomal transporters or directed to degradative endocytic compartments. b IUPAC-IUB nomenclature of (1989) cholesterol ring system with rings (A, B, C, and D), carbon numbering from C-1 to C-29, c the structure of cholesterol, and d schematic diagram showing classification of cholesterol into three regions: head, body, and tail. e Classification of cholesterol analogs- Group I-9,10-secosteroids, Group II-C-24 alkyl steroids, Group III-pentacyclic steroids. Structural variations from cholesterol are highlighted in red. f Cholesterol analogs were screened for particle size (nm), mRNA encapsulation (percent), and transfection efficiency (200 ng mRNA). Transfection experiments were conducted with n = 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.