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. 2020 Feb 20;10:3054. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59888-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inflammatory activation of MMPs and effect of P188. Immunofluorescent staining of MMP-2 & 9 in TNF-α activated endothelial cells. (a,e) BECs were pre-treated with P188 for 3 hrs prior to incubating with TNF-α for 1 hr and then stained for MMP-2 & 9, respectively. (b,f) BECs incubated with TNF-α for 1 hr no treatment with P188. (c,g) BECs incubated with TNF-α for 1 hr, post-treated with P188 for 3 hrs. (d,h) Images of MMP-2 & 9 in control cells with no treatment. The efficacy of P188 in suppressing the gene expression of MMP-2 & 9 in both pre-treated and post-treated groups. Fold change were calculated from triplicate experiments (n = 3). Data represent mean ± SD. *Indicates p < 0.05 when compared to the control (i.e., no P188 treated cells).