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. 2020 Feb 20;10:3054. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59888-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MMP-2 and 9 enzyme activity and gene expression in response to microcavitation. (a,b) Cells exposed to microcavitation demonstrated significantly increases of the MMP-2 and 9 enzymatic activity when compared to the control. This increased activity was inhibited by pre-treating the cells with either doxycycline or phenanthroline (a general tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase). (c,d) Doxycycline or phenanthroline downregulated the MMP-2 and -9 gene expressions. Data represent mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. *p < 0.05 compared to the control (no treatment).