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. 2020 Feb 20;10:3026. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59602-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Secondary kinematics of the knee joint from FE model in comparison with experimental measurements. (a) Internal/External rotation, (b) Abduction/Adduction rotation, (c) Anterior/Posterior translation, (d) Medial/Lateral translation, and (e) Distal/Proximal translation of the femur relative to the tibia. The solid black line shows the results from FE model based on the reference pre-strains and the black shaded area represents changes in value due to the pre-strain changes. To make the comparison easier, all the graphs have been shifted to start from zero.