Fig. 3.

Cell viability, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, and DDR protein levels in H. pylori–infected cells treated with or without KU-55933. KU-55933 was treated to the cells 2 h before H. pylori stimulation. 24 h- (A, cell viability; D, DNA fragmentation) and 6 h-(B, protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2; C, caspase-3 activity; E, DDR proteins) cultures were used. (B) Protein band intensity of Bax/Bcl-2 in the untreated, uninfected group (none) was set as 100%. Values are mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. untreated, uninfected group (none) and ⁺p < 0.05 vs. untreated, H. pylori–infected group (control).

ARF, alternative reading frame; ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated; Chk2, checkpoint kinase 2; DDR, DNA damage response; Mdm2, mouse double minute 2; SEM, standard error of the mean.